[Lotus]

Enzymes

Dedicated to the NBE team: Understanding these enzymes will unlock a huge NBE potential, good luck!

♦ The level of an enzyme presence in a particular body tissue determines the extent to which the hormone conversion will take place - The amount of a certain hormone in particular areas is a critical factor affecting hormonally related health concerns.



Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug.


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1) Aromatase enzyme CYP19-

• There's an enzyme in the bodies of both men and women called aromatase. Its primary action is to produce female sex hormones, or estrogens. It produces them from male sex hormones (androgens) such as testosterone and their precursors.
  

• Aromatase also converts androstenedione (a sex hormone precursor) to the female hormone estrone, another estrogen, although weaker than estradiol.
  

• If you increase the activity of aromatase, you can increase levels of female sex hormones (estradiol, estrone).
  

• If you decrease the activity of aromatase, you can decrease levels of female sex hormones, while increasing relative levels of male sex hormones, e.g. testosterone.
  

• Men's bodies normally contain some level of estrogens, in addition to testosterone and their kind. Likewise, women's bodies contain some level of male androgens including testosterone.
  

• The ratio of male-to-female hormones contributes to our masculinity or femininity. Aromatase is one chemical that can tweak that ratio. It operates the same in both men and women, although an array of compounds can affect its activity.
  

Herbs that convert aromatase-White Peony, Liorice root, Genistein (PM), BO

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2) 5 alpha-reductase-(enzyme)

Inhibition of 5α-reductase results in decreased conversion of testosterone to DHT, leading to increased testosterone and estradiol. Other enzymes compensate to a degree for the absent conversion, spec voifically with local expression at the skin of reductive 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, oxidative 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. Inhibition of the enzyme can be classified into two categories: steroidal, which are irreversible, and nonsteroidal. 5-α reductase 2 is the one we're interested in, there's more but it gets extremely complicated so I'll spare you the gory details.

Herbs that help block 5 ar, licorice, WP, Reishi, SP, pygeum, nettle root, BO (not an herb), Chinese Skullcap, progesterone cream is a strong 5 ar, linolenic acid, green tea
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3) P450 C17-20 enzyme-Cytochrome (17α-hydroxylase)

-P450 enzymes are present in most tissues of the body, and play important roles in hormone synthesis and breakdown (including estrogen and testosterone synthesis and metabolism), cholesterol synthesis, and vitamin D metabolism

Grapefruit juice and herbs that inhibit CYP enzyme system can result in much higher levels of drugs in the bloodstream, and longer persistence of the drugs.

CYPs metabolize thousands of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. Some CYPs metabolize only one (or a very few) substrates, such as CYP19 (aromatase),

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4) 17ß-HSD-(17ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)


5) 3ß-HSD (3ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase)



Although not an enzyme, Saponins are equally important:

6) Saponins- Saponins are basically phyto-chemicals which are found in most of the vegetables, beans and herbs. The well known sources of saponins are soybeans, peas.

Saponins may improve absorption and elimination of drugs, altering the blood levels and rate of change of drug levels; strongly acid or alkaline herbs may alter absorption of drugs.